Tuesday, June 17, 2014

100+ Definitions 17



Invincible #17

Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL): Danny Fingeroth, an editor on Spider-Man comics and author of Superman on the Couch: What Superheroes Really Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society, along with other books in the short essay “Power and Responsibility….and Other Reflections on Superheroes,” defines superheroes as “Someone has or obtains enhanced power—physical, mental, magical, mechanical—and then, either through good character or a difficult, transformative rite of passage, realizes that power confers on them an obligation to some section of humanity, if not all of it.  Superheroes and their powers are central metaphors for growing up, from child to adolescent and adolescent to adult.”

Invincible #17 (I#17): That is a fine definition.  My pages contribute a complimentary understanding of the term in that our stories of superbeings are concerned with and linked to the planet Earth and human beings.  Even if the heroes or villains venture into space, they return or have their stories fall into limbo. Superheroes tales are human tales.

L-FL: That sounds like a claim begging to be refuted.  But until a contrary voice arises, please recap the events in the pages of this 17th issue of Invincible.

I#17: This issue, me, beings by following Mark Grayson (Invincible) and Amber on a date and hints at the increasing alcoholism of Mark’s mother.  The story then shifts to Levy Angstrom who helps the blue villain clones escape prison by taking them through alternate dimensions.  Invincible helps defeat a supervillain in New York by exposing him to the brutal void of outer space and then returns home to graduate high school.

L-FL: Don’t’ forget to mention Megaforce, the New-York based superhero team that works nine to five and treats superheroing as a job.

I#17: Oh crap.

Monday, June 16, 2014

100+ Definitions 16



Invincible #16

Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL): On this Bloomsday, characters from the superhero comicbook Invincible wander around their home town thinking about matters more cosmic than the sights and sounds of Dublin.

Invincible #16 (I#16): It’s true.  The story begins with Invincible and Omni-Man of another dimension subjugating Earth, and a character Angstrom Levy is rescued by Angstrom Levy from a different dimension.  Parallel to this story is an alien invasion of our Earth’s dimension that ends for no discernible reason.  The Guardians of the Globe are chastised for their poor performance in protecting the planet, and Robot is relieved of its leadership role. 

L-FL: Don’t forget the part where Mark and Amber talk about spending time together amidst the ruin of their town, or the part when Invincible confronts Titan (a rock skinned superbeing in the process of looting a jewelry store) and persuades him to aid in cleaning up the town rather than steal.

I#16: All of which brings about the definition of “superhero” as a being with who influences others to help the larger populace rather than act selfishly.

L-FL: To better elucidate an understanding of “superhero,” this sentences from chapter 17 (Ithaca) of Ulysses fits well in describing the plots of superhero books.  So, a superhero could be “…the traditional accent of the ecstasy of catastrophe” (line 786).

I#16: Well, that sounds good to me.  Tomorrow, Issue 17 will say hello to everyone.

Sunday, June 15, 2014

100+ Definitions 15



Invincible # 15

Invincible #15 (I#15): This self-contained issue opens with the difficulties arising in the Guardians of the Globe from reverse aging superheroine with the mind of a 29-year old contained in the body of a three-year-old girl.  The scene shifts to Mark Grayson, Invincible’s alter ego, talking to his mom.  Cecil contacts Invincible to assist in political relations with the undersea kingdom.  Invincible has to marry the Queen since it was discovered Omni-Man killed the former king, Aquarius, and Invincible drove off Omni-Man.  Invincible ventures to the undersea kingdom and manipulates events so the one who truly loves the Queen can marry her instead of Invincible.  Mark’s mother talks to another woman married to a superhero about her loss of her husband/Omni-Man.  The Immortal seeks revenge on the Clone twins who resurrected him.  The issue closes with Mark’s friend William convincing his new girlfriend, Atom Eve, to fly and carry him through the sky, much to her dismay.  

Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL):  In an article “The Superprotagonist” by Fred Van Lente, superhero is defined as “any protagonist (of any story) with more than mortal abilities.  I know that casts too broad a net for some, but that’s how I would define it.”  Would you find it accurate to say that the contents of you story defines a superhero as an individual with extraordinary powers with the ability to critically think about the employing those powers in innovative ways in order to resolve problems.

I#15: Yeah, sure.  Although I have to admit, a blog persona talking to an invented persona of a comic book, “this is so gay.”

Saturday, June 14, 2014

100+ Definitions 14



Invincible #14

Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL): Issue fourteen of Invincible by Robert Kirkman, Ryan Ottley, Russ Wooton, and Bill Crabtree includes the following events.

Invincible #14 (I#14): The story begins with the new Guardians of the Globe barely defeating an invasion of aliens that appeared in issue three.   The Immortal confronts Invincible and states his distrust of the hero.  Cecil informs Invincible that the fight and dialogue between him and Omni-Man was leaked to the public, and Mark’s mom takes the news hard when she hears her husband state to her son that he’s pummeling across the planet, “Your mother means nothing to me.” When returning to high school, Mark learns his best friend is dating Atom Eve, and he receives a sincere well-intentioned (if misdirected) talk about academic focus from his principal. The issue ends with Mark and trying to comfort his grieving heartbroken drunk mother who blames her son for driving away her husband, Omni-Man. 

L-FL: That’s an emotionally treacherous ending.  What do you perceive the definition of superhero to be from these events?

I#14: Despite keeping the populace from harm, the superhero receives distrust and misunderstanding from other heroes and the general populace.  The excessive power and actions of the superhero makes the superhero an outsider.

L-FL: The way the Immortal doubts Invincible’s loyalty to earth and the way his principal mistakes Mark’s decreased academic performance for irresponsibility, these things demonstrate that outsider status?

I#14: Yeah, that sounds good.  You Know, Joe Quesada, an Editor-in-Chief at Marvel Comics, defined “superhero” as “an extraordinary person placed under circumstances who manages to do extraordinary things to ultimately triumph over evil,” in his vignette “Extraordinary.”

Quesada, to emphasize the importance of the superhero’s alter ego, later mentions a Stan Lee anecdote:

“I had a conversation with Stan Lee during one of my first weeks as Marvel Editor-in-Chief.  We were talking about stories and Marvel heroes, and I decided to ask Stan (not really believing he’d have an answer in his back pocket), “If you could distill the formula for creating a perfect Marvel hero, what would that formula be?” Stan said, “Imagine it’s a dark stormy night, and there on a precipice of a building is Spider-Man.  He’s about to leap into the urban canyon below.  Really at the end of the day, it’s just a red and blue suit standing at the precipice of that building.  But if you tell us about that guy in the suit, if you tell us who Peter Parker is—who he loves, who loves him, what his problems are, is he going to school, is he trying to hold down a job, who are his friends—if you tell us all these things about him, then when he leaps off that building, our hearts race because we’re in that costume with him; we’re there with him and can relate to him.  He’s not just an empty suit.”  That’s really something we do to this day.  We have to make the alter ego someone we care about.

L-FL: Oh, so are you saying these scenes of Mark in high school and Burger Mart and home with his mother are ways of getting us to care about the character?

I#14: “….”

Friday, June 13, 2014

The Aardvark-Vanaheim Pilgrimage: Cerebus 11: Guys




Bar Talk

Cerebus: Guys
Issues 201 - 219
December 1995 - June 1997
408 pages



SCENE: Two men sit at a tall table.  A tumbler of scotch sits before one, the other has a snifter of brandy. 

KS: So, you just finished Guys, what’s it like, what happened?  I’ve never read it.

DM: Well, in terms of action, it doesn’t really have much of a plot.  Cerebus, the main character who is an aardvark…

KS: Thanks asshole, I know that much.

DM: Sorry.  Anyway, Cerebus sits at a bar and drinks too much too often and then stops (mostly) drinking too much.  He talks and plays games with the other patrons.  He spends a lot of time with his “best” friend Bear, until Bear leaves the bar (and drives everyone else away too) to get back together with his wife, or girlfriend (I can’t remember), and then Cerebus owns and operates the bar.  He hooks up and then breaks up with a woman named Joanne and at the end of the book Rick, Jaka’s ex-husband, enters the bar, shows Cerebus how to pour a pint of beer, and reveals his identity to the earth pig.

KS:  That’s it?

DM: That’s it.

KS: There are no battles, or wars, or ramblings about ascensions or made-up religions?  Are any philosophical metaphorical scenarios included about publishing or sex or art? 

DM:  Nope.  None of that stuff is present.  The main events are just the antics and conversations that occur in the bar.

KS: Sounds dull.  Is it worth reading?


DM: Well, yeah. 

KS:  Why?

DM: First off, there are some pretty funny scenes, jokes, and stories that occur in these issues.  While getting lectured on the innocence of youthful femininity by a Margaret Thatcher parody, a young girl strips outside the bar, visible to the patrons through the window, but unseen by the Thatcher Cirinist.  The juxtaposition between the images and text is hilarious.  A sight gag about a mongoose in a box, and the lettering, especially for drunks, contain a great deal of laughs.

KS: Yeah, ok, that sounds pretty good, I guess. But don’t all those drunk people get annoying after awhile?

DM: Some.  It’s not too bad.  Sim keeps it pretty limited, and besides, it’s always better reading about drunken antics than having to suffer through the antics of drunks while sober.

KS: So, what sets this book apart from the others?

DM: Hmm, that’s a good question. A wide cast of characters appear, disappear, and reappear.  We, as readers, witness the characters do a rare thing in comic books.  They change.

KS: How so?

DM: Well Cerebus starts off as a dedicated drunk, but finally controls his drinking and sobers up for the second half of the book.  Bear goes from being fed up with women to getting back together with his woman named Ziggy.  Even poor naïve Marty shifts from a wallflower to a chatty excess drinker to a husband and café operator.  Eventually, everyone leaves and none return to see Cerebus at the bar.  There is no superhero stasis here.  When characters change in Cerebus, they change.  When characters go away, they don’t return phoenix like from the ashes. 

KS: Ahh geez, really, is that the best you can do?

DM: Sorry.  But still, real change occurs for characters in Cerebus.  That dynamism allows for a greater range of storytelling.

KS: That’s nice.  Is there anything else about this book that makes it stand out?  Whether from the Big Two or the other Cerebus books?

DM: One trait that stood out was the relatability of the setting.  It is a scene that you can find in almost any town—a bunch of guys sitting around in a bar talking.

KS: I read somewhere that Sim shows a whole range of stages and ages of men.  Young me, old men, middle-aged men, famous men, nobodies, married, divorced, dating, single, squares and perverts, and probably a whole bunch of other types too that I don’t know since I didn’t read the book.

DM: Yeah, all those elements are present.  This approach is far more interesting than a straight forward temporal structure.  I didn’t pick up on or even notice the different stages of men while reading the book, but on reflection those factors were noticed.  It’s a nice touch.

KS: So in the earlier responses to Cerebus you kept tasking about the theme of dichotomy.  Does that theme continue in this book?

DM: Not that I noticed.  If anything that dichotomy gives way to a three way point of view shown by the voices in Cerebus’s head (I think of them as the Id, Ego, and Super Ego…I don’t know if this was Sim’s intention) advocate, or at least work together to try and figure out a course of action.  I think this shift started occurring in Minds where Cerebus, Astoria, and Cirin talked with Suentius Po.  This shift continued on into Guys.

KS: How did this shift change the overall Cerebus story?

DM: More depth.  Instead of a back and forth emphasis, a third possibility (which was always present in the story, but becomes explicit with the introduction of the third voice) arises.  The easy, cut-and-clear choice becomes more messy, muddled, and complicated.  I like how this additional depth to the story comes about without a lot of heavy-handed preaching, monologues, or academic junk cluttering the page.  Those mythic elements that relate to universal themes and events of mankind are swapped out for mundane matters. 

KS:  So, what makes it worth reading?  What did you get out of your time with this book?

DM:  In terms of story, value exists in how this book portrays friendship between various individuals and various levels of depth.  It brings to mind Plato’s Lysis, I think, that explores questions about friendship.  Parts of Guys serve as a how-to manual, a guidebook, to guys’ friendships.  It portrays jokes, talk about girlfriends, women, the beginnings of childrearing (“Will you shut up with the stupid riddles and get me a clean diaper like I asked you!” on page 83), how to tell a friend you’re angry with them or that they’ve hurt you, or how to influence a friend to help them change for the better (or, alas, sometimes for the worse).  When the friend leaves, like when Bear goes off with Ziggy without returning, not even to visit, that loneliness, loss, and sadness Cerebus experiences comes through in the story.  That compassion and care for a friend reads sincere to me.  Cerebus’s patience and hope that his friend will return helps maintain some reader sympathy with Cerebus.  Even Cerebus’s time with Joanne seems more a way for Cerebus to pass the time until Bear either returns or it’s confirmed to Cerebus that Bear isn’t returning.

KS: Do you think Cerebus and Bear are gay?

DM: No.  They care for each other, and there might even be a type of love between the two, but it never enters into anything physical.  Some affections exists between the two, even though they can be pretty mean to one another.

KS:  And you said Bear never returns?

DM: Not in Guys.  He barely even gives Cerebus a goodbye; he’s too caught up in Ziggy’s return.  It’s tragic to witness the ending of this friendship, even this friendship that seems unbalanced in a lot of ways. 

KS: Like the friendship between Hawthorne and Melville?  Melville was really interested in being friends with Hawthorne, but Hawthorne, for whatever reasons, didn’t keep in touch with the same intensity and Melville finally just gave up.  He, Melville, eventually even stopped writing and just faded away until death.

DM: Yeah, Cerebus is sort of like Melville in that respect.  He’s waiting to see if his friend will return.  Waiting to see if he and Bear have the type of friendship that stretches through stages of life (from childhood, to school, to college to grad school, to marriage to childrearing and so on) or if they just had a friendship of opportunity…a friendship that lasts for a certain time, or place.  And once any of those factors change, the friendship ends. 

KS: It seems like Cerebus and Bear have the short-term friendship.  I’m interested to hear how Cerebus and Rick get along.  Tell me about it when you finish the next volume.

DM: Ok.



100+ Definitions 13



Invincible #13



Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL):  Friday the thirteenth brings the thirteenth issue of Robert Kirkman, Cory Walker and Ryan Ottley’s comic book Invincible.



Invincible #13 (I#13): This issue displays the aftermath of Mark Grayson, his family, and the world coping with the betrayal and abandonment by Omni-Man, a superheroic defender of the Earth and Mark (Invincible’s) father.  Mark meets the super-secret, super-high-level government official named Cecil Stedman who manages the Guardians of the Globe.  Stedman asks Invincible to become the replacement to Omni-Man; Mark agrees in return for a college scholarship and care of his mother.  The issue ends with Invincible talking with Allen, the pink alien space guardian he talked to in issue five about the Viltrum and their expanding empire.



L-FL: In his essay “Superheroes By Design,” John Jennings writes that “The superhero is symbol of power that is reified as the hyper-physical body, and that body then comes to be a visual representation of that power…The perfect body of the superhero is an object of cultural production that stands for many socially constructed ideas regarding power, justice, and morality…In a sense, the superhero is exactly that, an illustration of the perfect fusion of mind, body, and spirit…The superhero is an embodiment, but not just of an individual.  It is an embodiment of cultural and social values—a gestalt of various belief structures in physical form.”  Based on the events in issue thirteen, how does Invincible embody these (or other) ideas of the superhero?



I#13: Superheroism is defined in this issue by the acceptance of mistakes and focus on future actions to improve the situation rather than punish errors from the past.  Invincible doesn’t blame others for not recognizing Omni-Man’s imperial nature and plans, instead he focuses on caring for his mother and protecting the planet with a sense of nonchalance, as shown by voicing his future plans, when asked by the alien space guardian what he plans to do next, “Finish high school, I guess.”

Thursday, June 12, 2014

100+ Definitions 12



Invincible #12

Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL): The all-action issue twelve follows the all rhetoric contents of issue eleven.  Mark Grayson (Invincible) battles his father (Omni-Man) in a super fight that transpires across the globe. 

Invincible #12 (I#12): The fight collapses buildings, destroys subways, demolishes city blocks, and induces avalanches during their familial fight for earth.  The issue ends with Mark admitting he will always have his father and Omni-Man, after battering his son, flies into space in tears.

L-FL:  So how do these events define “superhero”?

I#12: A superhero is an individual who adheres to an ethical philosophy that protects weaker individuals more than family ties, personal safety, or personal gain, yet the ethical creed of the superhero is such that maintaining this code helps vanquish villains when the physical powers are not enough to banish super villains.

L-FL: This connection of the supervillain to the superhero keeps recurring.  Writer Ivory Madison (author of Huntress: Year One) examines this connection in her essay “Superheroes and Supervillains: An Interdependent Relationship.”  She observes of supervillains that: “An ordinary villain is someone who can be stopped by a system that defines his actions as culpable and punishable (the criminal justice system, for example).  By contrast, a supervillain controls the system or creates his own system so powerful it challenges the dominant system.  Supervillains have godlike powers, and in stories without a supernatural or super-scientific element they are able to gain followers for their system, which is so powerful that it makes them into de facto gods, as cult leaders like Jim Jones were able to do….The supervillain sees no difference between what he does and what is right.  Thus narcissism is the defining factor, perhaps even the core of evil.  Despite any similarities between the two archetypes, the superhero will sacrifice himself for others, whereas the supervillain will sacrifice others for himself.”

I#12: Ah yes, Madison states in this work, “We all want to identify with the larger-than-life hero, yet we need the hero to be enough like us that we can imagine ourselves in her combat boots.  The hero is the elevated aspirational fantasy of the reader.  Again the reader needs the hero.  Therefore, the reader also needs the villain.  We need to see the hero face adversity, and the villain supplies it.”

L-FL:  Yes, Madison notes the importance of the supervillain’s presence for the reader when she goes on to write “In fiction, the villain serves as a foil who calls the hero to action, but real life is rarely so neat and tidy.  Without adversity, without moral questions, with nothing to be brave about, you remain untested.  You do not have to answer tough questions or see how good you can really be.  Fiction allows us to imaginatively rise up to our tallest to face the thesis of evil, become the antithesis, and reach the unknown synthesis vicariously.”

I#12: This explanation gives an ethical challenge to readers when Mark voices the final word in the comic with his question of “Dad?”.

Wednesday, June 11, 2014

100+ Definitions 11

Invincible #11



Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL): Omni-Man and Lady Macbeth would make quite a couple;

“Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood

Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather

The multitudinous seas incarnadine,

Making the green one red."

Invincible #11 (I#11):  “To know my deed, ‘twere best not know myself,” but my deeds can be known by you, dear readers.  In my pages, Omni-man, Mark’s father, explains his true origin that differs from the history he told in issue #2. Omni-man explains how he is the lead individual for an alien race of powerful long-lived humanoids that will invade and subjugate earth. Omni-Man wants to ready earth for the invasion, Mark, Invincible, wants to resist the invasion of Viltrum. The tale ends with father and son preparing to fight.

Superhero definition: a superhero adheres to the code of protecting the planet/people against overwhelming force, family ties, and logic.

L-FL: The antics of the Viltrum fit with a University of Chicago political science doctoral student, Chris Deis in his essay “The Subjective Politics of the Supervillain.”

Deis claims that “Politics and popular culture are intertwined; they are not easily divided into neat, easily separable categories…popular culture is a barometer for the public mood and an informal type of public opinion.”  To help better plumb public opinion, Deis proceeds to define a supervillain as “Supervillains’ powers are often rooted outside of their physical bodies…supervillains might have the backing of governments, extensive financial resources, or a terrorist organization to support their machinations…There are also supervillains who have amazing abilities and powers…while other supervillains …have genius-level intelligence and/or mastery of highly advanced science and technology.

“The values of the supervillain are villainous in that they are antisocial and stand outside of the norms of “normal” society.  Supervillains are egomaniacal and selfish—personal enrichment, personal power, and control over others are their raisons d’etre.  Supervillains are also committed to their goals, convinced of the justness of their cause, and unflappable in their beliefs.  Consequently, their transgressions against the social order are never modest—rather, they are gross and spectacular.”

I#11: So be it.

Tuesday, June 10, 2014

100+ Definitions 10



Invincible #10



Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL): This Tuesday brings the events of Robert Kirkman’s and Corey Walker’s superhero comic Invincible #10.  We’ll let the issue speak for itself about what occurred.

Invincible #10 (I#10):  The story begins with Invincible fighting the super villain Doc Seismic. Mark defeats him and receives accolades from the watching crowd at Mount Rushmore. Mark goes to a comic shop. Mark’s dad fails at talking with his son; Damien Darkblood demon detective continues to investigate the murder of the Guardians of the Globe. Omni-Man defeats a squid monster at an amusement park and then battles the resurrected Immortal, whom Omni-Man kills in front of Invincible. 

Superhero definition: The adoration and appreciation of the public and onlookers serve as sufficient reward for the superhero instead of monetary compensation.

L-FL: In regards to the definition of superhero, Andrew Smith, a contributing editor to The Comic Buyer’s Guide for over a decade, notes how the superhero is a key ingredient in villains in his article “Supervillains Who Need Superheroes (Are the Luckiest Villains in the World)."

Smith contends, “…a number of villains are hero specific.  They’re usually referred to as arch-enemies or nemeses of their corresponding heroes, and they are usually mentioned in the same breath as their opponents (e.g., ‘Superman and Lex Luther’).  The motives and background of these characters vary, but what they have in common seems to be a need for an opposite number to complete or construct their own identity.”

(I#10):  Omni-Man, while a villain to everyone on Earth, is the core villain to his son Invincible and carries all the metaphorical meaning of children opposing their parents.  It is of interest to note that it is the alien that alerts Mark to the less desirable traits of his father.  Outside of fiction, it is the break in the routine, the differences, the alien, that reveals the true character of individuals we thought we knew.  Superheroes retain their admirable core values when confronted by the unfamiliar, even when the familiar becomes unfamiliar.  Hmm, I think I’ve found a pattern here, get me Kirkman, “…We need to talk.”

Monday, June 9, 2014

100+ Definitions 9



Invincible #9

Low-Frequency Listener (L-FL): The issue opens with the alien from issue 5 rescuing the crew of the Starship Enterprise (The Next Generation cast) and the shows Mark’s father on a mountain top trying to decide how to talk to his son while Mark has a sleepover for his birthday. Auditions are held for the new Guardians of the Globe. Two clone villains resurrect The Immortal who immediately upon revival flies off to seek revenge against Omni-Man. 

Invincible #9 (I#9):  Thanks for that introduction L-FL.  From my experience, I would define a superhero as an individual in possession of extraordinary powers, even though those powers don’t instantly result in camaraderie and support. Super powers often expand instead of contract ego which gives more interest (and disagreements) to teams.

L-FL:  An interesting point.  John Jennings (co-Author of the comic The Hole: Consumer Culture) exerts in his essay “Superheroes By Design” that “a superhero is one of the most effective visual communication vehicles ever designed.”

Jennings goes on to elaborate on this claim and writes that “…the superhero is a compelling visual communication vehicle that utilizes tried and true design elements coupled with powerful social connotations in order to convey specific ideologies connected to our society’s beliefs and cultural practices. The visual signifiers of the superhero resonate with us—the physical performance of the powers, the superhero costume (which highlights the design element of color and principle of symmetry), and the display of the physically fit body….Superheroes represent what we want to be, either physically or spiritually.  As long as there is evil to conquer and injustices to make right, the superhero will be there to symbolize the struggles we all must endure in our personal journeys to vanquish the foes within ourselves."

I#9:  Damn.